Oleh Ustadz Imam Al Faruq
Presented at the study of Online Migrant Madrasah (MPO), Sunday, March 7, 2021
Understand lahn in reading the Qur'an
Abu Muzaahim Muusa bin 'Ubaidillah Al-Khaaqaaniy (248-325 H) said: "So the first knowledge that is obligatory for readers of the Al-Qur'an to be engaged in strengthens their memorization. It is also obligatory to understand the problems of lahn (errors) in reading the Qur'an that come from your mouth when you read it. So you become an 'arif, one who really understands the problem, both the jaliy and the khafiy. So that you do not slip into it, because there is no udzur for people who do not want to understand the problem well. "
Lahn means, al-mailu wal-inhiraf 'anish shawab (deviating from the truth). Lahn in reading the Al-Qur'an is a mistake in reading the Koran, whether it reduces the rights and mustahak letters or exaggerates it.
Sometimes, one thing can change the meaning of the Koran and sometimes it does not change the meaning of the Qur'an. However, whether changing or not changing, both are mistakes that we must avoid.
In this case, lahn in reading the Qur'an is divided into two. Namely, lahn jaliy and lahn khafiy.
Ash-Shaykh 'Uthman bin Sulaiman Murad' Ali Agha (1316-1382 H) said: "And there are two types of lahn: Lahn jaliy and lahn khafiy. Both are haram, but some qiraah scholars have different opinions about the law of lahn khafiy, whether it is haram or makruh.
Lahn jaliy
Meanwhile, lahn jaliy is an error in grammar problems, either changing or not changing the meaning. Such as changing, adding or subtracting letters and changing vowels.
Al-jaliyy means bright or clear. Namely, mistakes that are clearly visible, both among the laity and the recitation experts.
Lahn jaliy is divided into several categories:
- With regards to letters. For example, replacing one letter with another letter, or increasing or decreasing letters;
- With regard to vowels. For example, increasing harakat, changing harakat: fathah into kasrah, kasrah into dhammah, or others;
- In connection with waqaf and ibtida. For example, stopping at places where the meaning changes, even the meaning is negative, or starting at an inappropriate place and the meaning becomes negative.
The law of lahn jaliy haram is absolute, because it changes the lafazh and changes the contents of the meaning of the Qur'an. As for the common man, it is compulsory for him to study until he is free from jaliy.
People who are not able to learn or are still in the learning stage where there are so many jaliy lahn readings, then they must at least try to improve the readings which include harmonious prayers (Al-Fatihah), do not become prayer priests, and do not harden the reading in assemblies. assembly of the Muslims (Hilyatut Tilawah, p. 153).
Shaykh Mahmud Al-Husyary said: “Lahn jaliy is haram according to the agreement of the Muslims. The culprit gets a sin if he does it on purpose. However, if it is done because you forgot or don't know, then it is not haram. " (Ahkamu Qiraatil Quran).
Syaikul Islam Ibnu Taymiyah said: "It is not appropriate for knowledge claimants to pray meaningfully behind people who are not correct in reading Al-Fatihah, fall into jaliy lahn so that they change their letters or vowels. As for the person who is wrong in khafiy and may contain the reading in another qiraat, and has a basis in this matter, then his prayer is valid and the person who has the right to him is not canceled. (Majmu Al-Fatwa XXII / 433).
lahn khafiy
The lahn khafiy is an error in 'urf (the procedure for reading the Qur'an that has been agreed by qiraah scholars), and does not change the meaning of the contents of the Qur'an. For example, such as not perfecting the characteristics of the hijaiyah letter.
Al-khafiyy means hidden. Namely, mistakes when reading the Koran that are not generally known, except by people who have studied the science of recitation. In fact, some of them are only known by scholars who have knowledge of the perfection of reading the Qur'an.
Among the examples of khafiy:
- Reducing the letter ra 'excessively or reducing it too much;
- Excessive in pronouncing the lam;
- Reduce or increase levels of maddening;
- Reading while shivering (contrivedly);
- Thin out bold letters;
- Reflects letters that are not Qalqalah;
- Does not reflect Qalqalah letters;
- Reading while being forced to cry (contrivedly);
- Stop (waqf) with perfect vowels;
- Eliminates the clarity of the first and last letters in a sentence;
- Isyba 'harakat, which is adding a little harakat before breadfruit.
Pillars of correct reading and speed of reading the Qur'an
Al-Imam Ibnul Jazary in Thayyibah says: "And every one that is in accordance with the rules of nahwu, is also in accordance with rasm (Uthmani) although from one side, and the shahih (to continue) sanadnya that is the Qur'an, then these are the three pillars (readings that true), whenever one of them is not fulfilled, then (the reading) is syadz (wrong) even though it is included in the Qira'ah Sab'ah. "
Al-Imam Ibn Jazariy said: "And the Al-Qur'an is read with tahqiq, hadr, and tadwir, and all of them come together '." Namely, in a good voice, in Arabic dialect, with tartil and tajwid, and in Arabic.
Tahqiq is reading the Koran with a slow tempo and a clear voice while really perfecting and protecting the rights and mustahak letters. Reading with tahqiq afdhal in the process of teaching and learning activities.
Tadwir is reading the Qur'an at a moderate tempo. Namely, it is between tahqiq and hadr.
Hadr is reading the Qur'an at a fast pace while keeping the laws of recitation perfectly. Be careful from reducing the rights and mustahak letters, leaving ghunnah, not extending mad, or destroying the vowels.
As for tartil, it does not include the level of tempo reading the Qur'an, but rather a trait that must be maintained along with the three levels that have been described. So, regardless of the tempo we read the Qur'an, it is obligatory to include the tartil in it.
Reading with tartil is reading with understanding and tadabbur, while perfecting the rights and mustahak letters of makhraj and their characteristics. Because the Qur'an was revealed to be understood, tabled, and practiced. [DDHK News]
