Interacting with the Hadith

DDHK.ORG - There are 2 obligations that must be carried out by every Muslim regarding the hadith of the Prophet SAW. Namely:

First, study the hadith of the Prophet SAW. At its level, not everyone becomes an expert on hadith, but at least they try to learn important things in understanding hadith. As:

1. Knowing the reference books that include the quality of the Hadith;
2. Studying Ulumul Hadith (asbabul wurud, peculiar, 'am etc.);
3. Learn how to deduce two Hadiths that are textually contradictory.

The second obligation, make it a way of life. As Allah Ta'ala says:

وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا ۚ وَاتَّقُواد اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ الْعِ

"What the Apostle gave you, then accept it. Leave what he forbids. And fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is very harsh in punishment. "

And, people who practice the Sunnahs of the Holy Prophet will receive guidance from Allah Almighty.

وما تقرب إلي عبدي بشيء أحب إلي مما افترضت عليه, وما يزال عبدي يتقرب إلي بالنوافل حتى أحبه, فإذا أحببته كنت سمعه الذي يسمع به, وبصره الذي يبصر به, ويده التي يبطش بها, ورجله التي يمشي بها, وإن سألني لأعطينه, ولئن استعاذني لأعيذنه

Hadith Functions

The hadith of the Prophet SAW has several functions. Among them:

First, to explain the contents of the Qur'an.

وَأَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الذِّكْرَ لِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ مَا نُزِّلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَنَلَكَّرحمْ يَنللكَّرحونَ (النلَ: 44)

Including:

1. Strengthens the content of the Qur'an;
2. Explaining the contents of the Koran, such as practicing how to pray;
3. Bringing laws that are not listed in the Koran, such as forbidding marrying two sisters.

Second, as a second source after the Qur'an. As Allah Ta'ala says:

يا أيها الذين آمنوا أطيعوا الله وأطيعوا الرسول وأولي الأمر منكم فإن تنازعتم في شيء فردوه إلى الله والرسول إن كنتم تؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر ذلك خير وأحسن تأويل (النساء: 59)

"O you who believe, obey Allah and obey His Messenger, and Ulil Amri among you, then if you have different opinions about something, then return it to Allah and Rasul, if you truly believe in Allah and the day after. . That is greater (for you) and better as a result. " (QS. An-Nisa: 59)

Third, as a way of life. Allah says:

لَّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّـهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّـهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآلزَ

"Indeed, the Prophet (himself) is a good role model for you (namely) for those who hope for (the mercy) of Allah and (the arrival of) the Day of Resurrection and he chants a lot of Allah." (Al-Ahzab: 21)

The sharing of the actions of the Prophet SAW:

1. Al-Jabally. Namely the actions of the Prophet as an ordinary human being, such as; sit down, stand up. So this type is not evidence that must be followed.
2. Bayany, which is an act to explain something, such as explaining how to pray, then this is evidence that must be followed.
3. Tahtbiqy, namely the act of the Prophet practicing something, this is also evidence;
4. Khashais Muhammadiyah, only the Prophet who got it and it did not apply to his followers and even some were forbidden to follow.

The distribution of hadiths based on their quality:

1. Sahih Hadith: Used for faith, syari'at and morals;
2. Hasan Hadith: Used for faith, law and morals;
3. Hadith Dhaif: Used for fahilah 'charity and morals, it should not be used for faith and sharia (law);
4. False Hadith: Should not be used at all, therefore be careful about sharing hadiths that are obtained but the origin of the hadith is unknown or there is no explanation.

Quality of Hadith Sahih (Strong): Sahih Hadith is the highest level of validity of hadith and is used as evidence / argument for all matters, both matters of faith, law and others.

As for the conditions:

1. To be continued Sanad;
2. There is no syaz;
3. There is no illat;
4. The nurse is fair;
5. The nurse has a strong memory.

Quality of Hasan's Hadith (Good): A strong hadith but not to the authentic degree and still used as evidence. The requirements for hasan hadith are the same as those of authentic hadith, it's just that the memory of the narrator is not as strong as the memory of the authentic hadith.

Quality of Hadith Dhaif (Weak): Hadith dhaif can only be used for fadhilah 'charity, as long as it does not conflict with authentic or hasan traditions.

Because Dhaif:

1. Due to the interruption of the rawi;
2. Due to a defect in the rawi;
3. There are ingredients that often lie;
4. The existence of fasiq rawi because of committing major sins or minor sins continuously;
5. The existence of heresy actors;
6. There are some unknown ingredients;
7. Memorization of rawi is bad.

Then, how do we get the hadith? Awwam people (not those who are practicing religion) must hear the explanation directly from the teacher. If you want to enrich your reading, you must use the hadith syarah, either in Arabic or in translation.

If you find a hadith that contradicts the text (Mukhtalaf al-Hadith), then the way to understand it is:

1. Collecting history (al-jam'u);
2. Knowing the possible nasikh and mansukh of a hadith;
3. Doing tarjih history of hadith.

...

By Ustadz H. Muhammad Hanafi, Lc., M.Sy, it was conveyed at the DDHK Online Migration Madrasah (MPO) study, Sunday, April 4, 2021.

>>> Friends of immigrants in any country can take part in the MPO DDHK study every Saturday and Sunday, via Zoom and LIVE broadcasts on the Facebook page Dompet Dhuafa Hong Kong (https://web.facebook.com/DDHongkong)