What is the difference between Zakat Mal, Zakat Fitrah, and Zakat on Income?
Peace, mercy and blessings of God
Ustadz, I want to ask a question.
What is the difference between zakat mal, zakat fitrah and income zakat? Then, how to calculate zakat mal and zakat penghasian?
Thank you, Ustadz.
Greetings, Fulanah
ANSWER:
ليكم السلام الله ات
Bismillah… Zakat literally means to grow and purify. Meanwhile, in terms, it is a right that must be fulfilled from certain assets, given to certain groups, and at certain times.
Mal Zakat
Zakat mal is zakat imposed on all types of assets, which in substance or substance the acquisition does not conflict with religious provisions. Allah Subhanahu wata'ala says:
أَمۡوَ لِهِمۡ تُطَهِّرُهُمۡ ا لِّ لَیۡهِمۡۖ إِنَّ لَوٰتَكَ لَّهُمۡۗ للَّهُ لِیمٌ
{سورة التوبة:١٠٣}
"Take zakat from their wealth, to cleanse and purify them, and pray for them. Verily, your prayer (grows) peace in their souls. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” {Surat At-Taubah: 103}
Zakat mal consists of:
- Gold, silver & other precious metals
- Money & other securities
- Commerce
- Agriculture, plantation & forestry
- Livestock & fishery
- Mining
- Industry
- Services revenue
- Rikaz (found item)
God willing, there will be a special discussion for each of the zakat points listed above. However, on this occasion we will first discuss zakat mal (wealth) in general which is measured by gold.
The nisab for gold is 20 gold dinars (85 grams), with a haul of one year and a grade of 2,5%. That is, if a Muslim has gold of at least 20 gold dinars (85 grams) for one year he is obliged to pay zakat of 2,5% of the amount of gold, which is at least 1/2 dinar.
Basically, zakat mal and zakat income for how to calculate it are the same.
If the current price of 1 gram of pure gold is Rp. 939.000, then the gold nishab is: 85 x 939.000 = 79.815.000.
So if a Muslim has stored assets of IDR 79.815.000 and has reached haul (one year), or has income as much as that money within one year, then he is obliged to pay zakat as much as 2,5% of the total assets, namely: ,2,5% x 79.815.000 = 1.995.375.
So zakat mal or income that must be issued in a year is IDR 1.995.375.
For income zakat, it can be distributed every month if the income obtained is stable, such as civil servants, etc. The minimum monthly salary for which zakat income is obligatory is: IDR 79.815.000: 12 = IDR 6.651.250.
If it is issued every month, the zakat is Rp. 6.651.250 x 2,5% = Rp. 166.281,25 or it can be rounded up to Rp. 166.300.
Zakat fitrah
Meanwhile, zakat fitrah (zakat al-fitr) is zakat that is obligatory on every soul, both Muslim men and women, which is carried out in the month of Ramadan on Eid al-Fitr. As the hadith of Ibn Umar radiyallahu anhu, “The Messenger of Allah -peace and prayer of Allah be upon him- required one Sa'a of dates or one Sa' of wheat to be paid for zakat fitrah; whether slave or free, male or female, small or large. He (peace be upon him) ordered it to be carried out before the people came out to pray." (Narrated by Bukhari Muslim)
The amount is rice or staple food weighing 2,5 kilograms or 3,5 liters per person. Or, if it is cashed, it is Rp. 40.000 per person.
Wallâhu a'lam bish-showâb.
Peace, mercy and blessings of God
(Answered by: Ustadz Very Setiyawan, Lc., S.Pd.I., MH)
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