DDHK. ORG – Nadzar is a promise that must be fulfilled. So what if the intention to vow not fulfilled? Listen inside consultation with the following Ustadz.
Assalamualaikum chaplain...
I am PMI Taiwan, I want to ask Ustadz. But first I want to tell a story. Some time ago there was a friend of mine, he worked in Taiwan too. Then at that time his father died, while he could not return to Indonesia.
Then spontaneously I told my friend that. "If that were the case for me, I would go home."
But when my father died on the 26th of last month, I couldn't go back to Indonesia either.
The question is, is what I said to my friend a vow?
If so, what should I do, because I can't go home that day?
Please explain Ustadz.
Thanks.
Greetings, Fulanah
ANSWER:
Peace be upon you and God's mercy and blessings be upon you
WL…
Nadzar in language is a promise or oblige. Meanwhile, a vow according to the meaning of syara' is a promise or an obligation to oneself, as well as agreeing to perform an act of worship (qurbah; getting closer to Allah).
Scholars agree that something that is made a vow is not an obligatory matter, it is makruh, let alone unlawful. For example, there is someone who makes a vow to pray maghrib, then his vow is invalid because maghrib prayer is obligatory without being made a vow.
Or make a vow to drink while standing, smoke or eat pork, then all of these vows are invalid and may not be fulfilled.
Rasulullah shallallãhu 'alaihi wasallam said:
أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ لْيُطِعْهُ، لا (رواه البخاري)
“Whoever vows to obey Allah, then obey (carry out). And whoever vows to disobey Him, let him not disobey Him." (HR Bukhari)
The case that happened to a sister when her friend did not come home when her father passed away by saying: "If that had happened to me, I would have gone home", then this was considered a vow because of two things, namely; contain promises & things promised are not obligatory or unlawful.
Then what if you have already said that & didn't do it when it actually happened? Then you are obliged to pay kaffarah vows.
How to Pay Kaffarah Nadzar?
It was narrated from a friend of Uqbah bin Amir radliyãllahu 'anhu that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam said:
ارَةُ النَّذْرِ ارَةُ الْيَمِيْنِ (رواه لم)
"The ransom for breaking a vow is the same as the ransom for breaking an oath." (Muslim HR)
Kaffarah oath is by choosing from one of the following obligations:
1. Free slaves,
2. Giving food or clothing to ten poor people,
3. Fasting three days.
Indeed, basically saying vows is makruh. The basis is the following hadith:
عن أبي هُرَيرةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عنه، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ صلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّم: “لا تَنذِروا؛ فإنَّ النَّذْرَ لا يُغْني مِنَ القَدَرِ شَيئًا، وإنَّما يُستَخرَجُ به مِنَ البَخيلِ" (رواه مسلم)
From Abu Hurairah radliyallahu 'anhu, said, 'Rasulullah shallallãhu 'alaihi wasallam said: "Don't make vows, because actually vows are not of the slightest use to fate, & indeed he (conduct) only comes out of curmudgeons."' (HR Muslim)
It means that people who are curmudgeonly here are people who are calculating in doing good. Because in fact if he is a good Muslim, of course doing good is spontaneous and doesn't require much thought.
However, if it has already been said, then fulfilling it is mandatory. However, if someone has already made a vow but does not fulfill it, then he is obliged to pay the kaffarah vow as mentioned above.
Hope it is useful…
Peace, mercy and blessings of God
Answered by Ustadz Very Setiawan.
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