By: Ustadz Rochmad, MA (Doctoral Candidate at International Islamic University Malaysia-IIUM)
IN the Qur'an, there is hardly a verse that is null from the element of education, because the Prophet Muhammad himself had vowed that he was sent as an educator and guide for the people. For this reason, there are so many concepts, theories, and educational practices that can be found deep cues Al-Quranul-Karim. How many researches and works on education in the Qur'an have been born with various points of view, all of which have a strong side of truth, as well as proof that the Qur'an is hammalun dzu w Tujuh, or has a broad and varied meaning , so that they mutually reinforce and complement each other.
This writing is one of those processes, a process of crossing the endless ocean of the Qur'an to find various pearls of education in the Qur'an.
Exemplary Is The Key To Education
An example is better than a thousand pieces of advice and a million directions, so the saying goes. For this reason, Allah SWT sent an Apostle as a role model for all mankind, as He said:
لَّقَدۡ كَانَ لَكُمۡ فِي رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةٞ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرۡجُواْ ٱللَّهَ حَسَنَةٞ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرۡجُواْ ٱللَّهَ حَسَنَةٞ لِّمَن ََ
"Indeed, the Prophet (himself) is a good role model for you (namely) for those who hope for (the mercy) of Allah and (the arrival of) the Day of Judgment and he chants Allah a lot" (Surah Al-Ahzab: 21)
Rasulullah SAW succeeded in educating his friends and was always in their midst in all kinds of activities. Rasulullah SAW was not a leader and educator behind the desk. He is a figure in all aspects of life: from worship, politics, family, war, and so on.
In worship, there is often a story that the Prophet's feet were swollen as a result of frequently performing sunnah prayers at night. Rasulullah ordered his companions to offer prayers, and the Prophet also appeared as the foremost role model, even though heaven had promised him.
In the battles, Rasulullah SAW always appeared at the front, especially in the 27 battles led by him. Even in a history it is said, during the Khandaq War he tied a stone to his stomach and participated in building such a huge trench. He always mingled with his friends, sat down, slept on a very hard mattress, and often fasted because there was no food to eat.
Ketawadhuan Rasulullah SAW is very much. For example, Rasulullah saw. often refusing his items to be brought by others, he said:
احب له
"The owner of an item is more entitled to bring his own goods."
And of course, there are still so many exemplary stories of the Prophet Muhammad that will never run out to be told and written. Educators are expected to be able to imitate Rasulullah SAW, always present in every student activity, whether in the family or school environment with a total and soulful example.
Sharpening Tafakkur and Tadabbur Skills
There are so many verses in the Qur'an that invite people to tafakkur and tadabbur. So educators are expected to have good abilities. In this case, in order to transmit it to students, whether in the school or family environment, because one of the goals of education is to get students to be able to think correctly, systematically, methodologically, critically, radically to the root, and to the point of wisdom. One of the tafakkur and tadabbur spirits can be found in the word of Allah SWT:
كِتَٰبٌ أَنزَلۡنَٰهُ إِلَيۡكَ مُبَٰرَكٞ لِّيَدَّبَّرُوٓاْ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ وَلِيَتَذَكَّرَ أُوْلُواْ ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ
"This is a book that We sent down to you full of blessings so that they pay attention to the verses and so that people who have a mind can learn a lesson" (Surah Shad: 29)
Tafakkur which is taught in Al-Quran usually refers to the activity of contemplating the greatness of Allah through His creation, especially the universe, so that later it can strengthen faith and devotion. Then the estuary of true faith and devotion will appear in daily behavior. For this reason, educators should not only teach rational and systematic ways of thinking, but must arrive at the correct monotheistic values and have an impact on behavior change.
It is said that even when the friends studied ten verses from Al-Quran will not turn away from the verse before really understanding and practicing it. So the friends said:
لمنا القرآن العلم العمل ا
"We study Al-Quran as well as deepen the meaning and immediately practice it at once ”.
Paying attention to the right moments and events in educating
Allah and His Messenger educate people in a practical, applicable, factual, and down to earth way. This is the lesson and wisdom from the father's asbabu nuzuli (because of the fall of the verse) or asbabu wurudil-hadith (the reasons for the existence of a hadith).
During the Battle of Badr, for example, Surah Al-Anfal came down, so that this chapter is also called Surah Badr. This Surah came down at the right time and moment, when a major event occurred. If Allah and His Messenger are like educators, both of them convey important educational messages at the right time, so that the material presented can be very down to earth.
In today's world of education, it would be nice if educators try to link educational messages to real events and facts. This helps students to be able to respond to reality and practice their knowledge in society, and have reason and analysis of a phenomenon.
Grounding knowledge is the big job of educators. For example in an educational practice, educators convey material about authenticity, patience, and not tabdzir during the fasting month of Ramadan. This will make knowledge very attached because students can immediately practice or even have time to evaluate their own behavior.
Paying attention to the condition of students
It is sunnatullah that creatures on this earth are created with different abilities, either from physical or intellectual abilities. For this reason Islam teaches to really pay attention to the condition of students in delivering teaching. Allah SWT said:
لَيۡسُواْ سَوَآءٗۗ مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أُمَّةٞ قَآئِمَةٞ يَتۡلُونَ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ءَانَآءَ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَهُنَ يَسۡجُ
"They are not the same; Among the People of the Book there are groups who act straight, they read the verses of Allah at night, while they also prostrate (pray) "(Surah Ali Imran: 113)
Then in the letter Al-Baqarah:
لَا يُكَلِّفُ ٱللَّهُ نفۡسًا إِلَّا وُسعَهَاۚ
"Allah does not burden someone but according to his ability" (Surah Al-Baqarah: 286)
Related to this, it is also clearly illustrated from the attitude of the Prophet. The Apostle said:
ا الناس ا , الروايات: لى لهم
"Tell people according to what they know" or in another narration it says: "according to their intellectual abilities" (Fathul Bari, Hadith 49)
So Rasulullah SAW when answering a question the answer can vary according to the interlocutor. For example, when the Prophet was asked: "who is the best Muslim and what actions can lead him to heaven?" To answer questions like this Rasulullah SAW has many answers. A good Muslim is: "The one who keeps other Muslim brothers safe from his words and deeds." On another occasion the Prophet said: "The best act of a Muslim is to worship only Allah, not associate with Him, offer prayers, pay zakat, and fast for Ramadan." In another narration: "jihad in the way of Allah and Hajj mabrur." Next: "feed the faqir, greet people known or unknown." For certain people he replied: "say and pledge that you believe in Allah then istiqomahlah".
This does not show that Rasulullah SAW was wishy-washy, but it is a lesson for Muslims that Rasulullah SAW gave answers according to his interlocutors. Likewise, educators should convey educational and teaching messages according to the abilities of the pesdik.
Using Wasailul Idhoh (teaching aids) in education and teaching
Al-Quran often mentions the word sam'u (hearing), bashar (vision), then qolb / afidah (heart), as found in His words:
قُلۡ هُوَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنشَأَكُمۡ وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلسَّمۡعَ وَٱلۡأَبۡصَٰرَ وَٱلۡأَفِۡٔدَةَۚ قَلِيُرُو مَّا تَشۡك
Say: "It is He Who created you and made for you hearing, sight and heart". (But) you are very little grateful. " (Surah Al-Mulk: 23)
Allah SWT intends to touch human nature through allusions to the functions of hearing, sight and heart as the entrance to guidance and all kinds of goodness. With the mention of visual things, it is hoped that they will make a lasting impression on humans and arouse genuine reason and conscience, to the point of awareness.
The Koran also often uses tasybih (for example or parable), for example the word of Allah SWT:
يَوۡمَ يَكُونُ ٱلنَّاسُ كَٱلۡفَرَاشِ ٱلۡمَبۡثُوثِ ٤ وَتَكُونُ ٱلۡجِبَالُ كَٱلۡعِهۡنِ ٱلۡمَنفُوشِ ٥
“4. On that day, humans are like anai-anai scattered 5. and the mountains are like feathers that are scattered about ”(QS. Al-Qariah: 4-5)
مثل ٱلذين ينفقون أمولهم في سبيل ٱلله كمثل حبة أنبتت سبع سنابل في كل سنبلة مائة حبة وٱلله يضعف لمن يشآء وٱلله وسع عليم
“The parable (income issued by) those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is like a seed that grows seven ears, on each one hundred seeds. Allah multiplies (rewards) for whom He wills. And Allah is Vast (His grace), All-Knowing. " (Surah Al-Baqarah: 261)
In the hadiths, there are also many examples. One of them is the words of the Prophet Muhammad in the book Riyadus Sholihin hadith 1039:
هريرة رضي الله : ل الله ل: لو أن ا اب ل ل ات ل الوا: لا , ال: لك ل الصلوات الخمس الله الخطايا
"From Abu Hurairah Radhiyallahu anhu: I heard Rasulullah SAW say:" What if there is a river in front of the house of one of you? then clean themselves with it 5 times a day, is there any dirt left? They said: "there is no trace of anything", then the Prophet continued: "then that is the example of praying 5 times a day, Allah SWT removes all sins through prayer."
Rasulullah SAW also often uses hand and limb gestures, as he describes his closeness to orphans such as his index and middle fingers (while pointing his fingers).
What is no less important than all these explanations is that education must be built through a touch of the soul and prayer. So the best possible relationship between educators and students is the relationship ubuwwah (protecting as parents) and bunuwwah (students as children), as Rasulullah SAW passed all formal barriers in educating friends, mingling and fusing in the frame of kinship. #
